Down Syndrome(DS), or Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder resulting from an extra chromosome being present during fetal development. It is one of the most common genetic chromosomal disorders in the United States. This extra chromosome is associated with a wide range of mental and physical effects. While down syndrome has many health conditions associated with it, we are going to focus on the oral health implications that are important to note and manage for those with DS.
Often individuals with DS will have a narrow oral cavity with smaller teeth. They may also have a narrow palate (roof of mouth) which can lead to challenges with their bite and overcrowding of teeth. People with DS usually also have an enlarged tongue within their already narrow mouth. All of these factors can contribute to an individuals’ risk of complications like sleep apnea and breathing disorders. Mouth breathing is common, due to anatomical development, which often leads to severe dry mouth. With chronic dry mouth comes increase the risk of cavities and gum disease.
Bruxism and Down Syndrome are highly related to one another. Bruxism or clenching is common in people with DS and should be assessed by a specialist to determine the best treatment approaches. If orthodontic intervention is needed, its crucial for patients to have a good oral hygiene support at home to reduce complications of gum disease and cavities, as braces can cause more difficulty in homecare routines. Proper dietary options should also be encouraged.
It is important for individuals with DS and their caregivers to understand the connections of these conditions, as it can predispose people with Down Syndrome to multiple dental health complications. Be sure to work closely with your dental provider, sleep specialist and primary care doctor to ensure a comprehensive approach to oral and overall care.