HPV, or human papillomavirus, is a common sexually transmitted infection that can cause skin growths or warts. Certain strains of HPV are associated with different types of cancer, including oral cancer. HPV can infect the mouth and throat, leading to oropharyngeal cancer, which includes cancers of the back of the throat, base of the tongue, and tonsils. Studies suggest that HPV infections can make an individual up to 14 times more likely to develop oral cancer. It’s estimated that HPV causes over 70% of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States. Symptoms of throat and mouth cancer can be nonspecific, such as a sore that won’t heal, cough, sore throat, ear pain, difficulty swallowing, or voice hoarseness.
The CDC recommends vaccination for HPV to help prevent the types of HPV infection that can lead to oropharyngeal cancer.
Your dentist and/or dental hygienist may perform a visual and physical examination, review medical history, and provide referrals as needed. Visual examinations often involve evaluating the tissues of the mouth, throat, and tonsils for signs of abnormalities. Physical examinations will include palpating tissues, both intra-and extraoral.
If you are concerned about your risk of HPV and oral cancer, speak to your dentist or primary care provider for more information. Always provide a complete medical history and background to ensure you give your healthcare provider the necessary information.