What Is Oral Candida?

Candida is a type of yeast that naturally lives in various parts of the body, including the mouth. However, when the balance of microorganisms in the mouth is disrupted, Candida can multiply uncontrollably, leading to an infection called oral candidiasis or thrush. This condition is characterized by creamy white lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or throat.

Causes of Oral Candida

Several factors can lead to an overgrowth of Candida in the mouth:

  1. Weakened Immune System: Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing cancer treatment, people with HIV/AIDS, or individuals taking immunosuppressive medications, are more likely to develop oral thrush.
  1. Antibiotics: Long-term or frequent use of antibiotics can disrupt the balance of bacteria in the mouth, allowing Candida to thrive.
  1. Diabetes: High sugar levels in saliva provide an ideal environment for Candida to grow, making people with uncontrolled diabetes more susceptible to oral thrush.
  1. Dry Mouth: A lack of saliva can reduce the mouth’s natural defense against fungal infections, increasing the risk of Candida overgrowth.
  1. Poor Oral Hygiene or Denture Use: Inadequate oral hygiene or wearing ill-fitting dentures can also contribute to the development of oral candidiasis.

Symptoms of Oral Thrush

Common symptoms include white patches or plaques in the mouth, redness or soreness, a cotton-like sensation in the mouth, and difficulty swallowing. In severe cases, the infection may spread to other parts of the body, such as the esophagus.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as nystatin or fluconazole, which are prescribed by a healthcare provider. Maintaining good oral hygiene, managing underlying health conditions, and avoiding excessive use of antibiotics can help prevent oral thrush.

If you suspect you have oral candidiasis, it’s essential to see your dentist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan to avoid complications.

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